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Friday, June 22, 2012

Telecom, Terror and Digital Economy in Ethiopia

Telecom, Terror and Digital Economy in Ethiopia: Part I
By: Samuel M. Gebru (@SMGebru), Cambridge, MA, United States
Author’s Note: This is the first in a two-part series entitled Telecom, Terror and Digital Economy in Ethiopia. In this part, I highlight what the proposed Proclamation on Telecom Fraud Offenses states. In part two, I will provide my direct opinions on Ethiopia’s digital economy and suggest ways to move forward by following the lead of other African economies.

There has been a recent buzz through news and social media networks lately on a plan, as initially reported by Al Jazeera, which would criminalize Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) services such as Google Talk and Skype in Ethiopia.

በሲዳማ ዞን ከፍተኛ የሆነ የዘር ግጭት ሊነሳ ይችላል በማለት የአካባቢው ሰው በስጋት ወድቋል

ኢሳት ዜና:-  ሰኔ አስራ አራት ቀን ፳፻፬ ዓ/ም
የአዋሳ ዘጋቢዎች እንደገለጡት ትናንት በአለታ ጩኮ የተነሳውን ተቃውሞ ተክትሎ በዛሬው እለትም ከአዋሳ በ 10 ኪሜ ርቅት ላይ በምትገኘው ቱላ ከተማ ውስጥ ተማሪዎች የተቃውሞ ሰልፍ ማድረጋቸውንና መኪኖችን አግተው ለመስክ ስራ የሄዱ ሰራተኞች ስራ ሳይሰሩ እንዲመለሱ ማድረጋቸው ታወቋል።

Wednesday, June 20, 2012

መኢአድ በሰሜን ጐንደር የሚገኙ ሁለት አመራሮቹ የደረሱበት አለማወቁን ገለፀ -አንደኛው በፌዴራል ፖሊስ ወንጀል ምርመራ ታስሮ ይገኛል

By Feteh News paper, no. 192
የመላው ኢትዮጵያ አንድነት ድርጅት (መኢአድ) በሰሜን ጐንደር ወረዳዎች የሚገኙ አራት የፖለቲካ አመራሮቹ ግንቦት 23 እና 24/2004 ዓ.ም.በፖሊስ በሀይል ተወስደው የደረሱበት እንደማይታወቅ እና ሌላ አባልና አመራሩ በፌዴራል ፖሊስ የወንጀል ምርመራ ጣቢያ እንደሚገኙ ፓርቲው ማረጋገጡን ለፍትሕ ገልጿል።

በትላንትናው ምሽት መገናኛ አካባቢ ከሕገ-ወጥ ንግድ ጋር በተያያዘ ነጋዴዎችና ፖሊሶች ተጋጩ - የአንድ ሰው ሕይወት አልፏል ተባለ

By Feteh newspaper, no. 192
በየካ ክ/ከተማ በቀድሞ ቀበሌ 16 መገናኛ ታክሲ ተራ በሚባለው አካባቢ መንግስት ሕገወጥ በሚላቸው የመንገድ ላይ ነጋዴዎችና ፖሊሶች መካከል በትናንትናው ምሽት በተፈጠረ ግጭት የአንድ ሰው ሕይወት ማለፉን የአይን እማኞች ለፍትሕ ገለፁ።

የታክሲና የእግረኛ ግርግር በማይለየው በየካ ክ/ከተማ ቀበሌ አስተዳደር የፍትሕ፣ የህግ ጉዳዮች፣ የትምህርት፣ የጤና ክትትል ግንባታ ጽ/ቤት አካባቢ ትናንት አመሻሽ 1፡30 ሰዓት ገደማ በተፈጠረው ግርግር፣ በአካባቢው የነበሩ ሰዎች ሲጮሁና ሕፃናት ሲያለቅሱ እንደነበረ በወቅቱ በስፍራው የነበሩ ሰዎች ለፍትሕ ተናግረዋል።

Ethiopia: Journalists Live in Fear of 'Terror' Law

By ,guest column
Nowhere across Africa is the message that its people want a way out of what I call "the four Ds" - death, disease, disaster and despair - more resounding than among the continent's journalists. In nation after nation, they are attempting to inform their people of their rights and encourage them to hold their governments accountable. For that, many of them are being held accountable in the most draconian ways.

World leaders weigh stimulus vs. austerity at G-20

LOS CABOS, Mexico (AP)
With major European economies on the brink of collapse, world leaders concluding an annual Group of 20 meeting were left Tuesday with two different paths to ease the financial crisis: Spend more to try to stimulate growth or slash budgets in a bid to restore investor confidence.

Tuesday, June 19, 2012

ኢትዮጵያ አደጋ ውስጥ ከገቡ አገሮች ተርታ ተመደበች

ኢሳት ዜና:- ሰኔ ፲፪ (አስራ ሁለት) ቀን ፳፻፬ ዓ/ም
ፎሬን ፖሊሲ መጋዚን ባወጣው የፌልድ ሰቴትስ ኢንዴክስ ኢትዮጵያን ከአለም አገሮች በ17ኛ ደረጃ በማስቀመጥ፣ለአደጋ የተጋለጠች አገር ሲል ፈርጇታል። 

 ለኢትዮጵያ ህልውና አስጊ ሆነው ከቀረቡ ችግሮች መካከል የህዝብ ቁጥር መጨመር፣ የስደተኞች መብዛት፣ የህዝብ ብሶቶች መጨመር፣  ዜጎች አገራቸውን ጥለው መሰደድ፣ የፖለቲካ መሪዎች ልዩነት እና የጸጥታ ሀይሎች ጣልቃ ገብነት የሚሉት ይገኙበታል።

Ethiopia: Unity in Divinity!

By Alemayehu G. Mariam:
One People, One Country!
For the past two decades, Ethiopia has been the scene of crimes against humanity and crimes against nature. Now Ethiopian religious leaders say Ethiopia is the scene of crimes against divinity. Christian and Muslim leaders and followers today are standing together and locking arms to defend religious freedom and each other’s rights to freely exercise their consciences. But they face a formidable and treacherous foe who thrives on division and discord. Not long ago, a wicked but lame attempt was made in broad daylight to spark strife and friction between Christians and Muslims.

Ethiopia: Pastoralists Forced off Their Land for Sugar Plantations

 HRW Report,
(Nairobi) – The Ethiopian government is forcibly displacing indigenous pastoral communities in Ethiopia’s Lower Omo valley without adequate consultation or compensation to make way for state-run sugar plantations, Human Rights Watch said in a report released today. The report contains previously unpublished government maps that show the extensive developments planned for the Omo valley, including irrigation canals, sugar processing factories, and 100,000 hectares of other commercial agriculture.

The 73-page report, “‘What Will Happen if Hunger Comes?’: Abuses against the Indigenous Peoples of Ethiopia’s Lower Omo Valley,”documents how government security forces are forcing communities to relocate from their traditional lands through violence and intimidation, threatening their entire way of life with no compensation or choice of alternative livelihoods. Government officials have carried out arbitrary arrests and detentions, beatings, and other violence against residents of the Lower Omo valley who questioned or resisted the development plans.

“Ethiopia’s ambitious plans for the Omo valley appear to ignore the rights of the people who live there,” said Ben Rawlence, senior Africa researcher at Human Rights Watch. “There is no shortcut to development; the people who havelong relied on that land for their livelihood need to have their property rights respected, including on consultation and compensation.” http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/06/18/ethiopia-pastoralists-forced-their-land-sugar-plantations

The Lower Omo valley, one of the most remote and culturally diverse areas on the planet, is home to around 200,000 people from eight unique agro-pastoral communities who have lived there for as long as anyone can remember. Their way of life and their identity is linked to the land and access to the Omo River. The Omo valley is in Ethiopia’s Southern Peoples, Nations, and Nationalities Region (SNNPR), near the border withKenya, and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1980.  

The significant changes planned for the Omo valley are linked to the construction of Africa’s highest dam, the controversial Gibe III hydropower project, along the Omo River. Downstream, the sugar plantations will depend on irrigation canals. Although there have been some independent assessments of the Gibe dam project, to date, the Ethiopian government has not published any environmental or social impact assessments for the sugar plantations and other commercial agricultural developments in the Omo valley.

Human Rights Watch interviewed more than 35 residents in June 2011, along with 10 donor officials and at least 30 other witnesses since that time. At the time of Human Rights Watch’s visit, military units regularly visited villages to intimidate residents and suppress dissent related to the sugar plantation development. Soldiers regularly stole or killed cattle.

“What am I going to eat?” a man of the Mursi ethnic group told Human Rights Watch. “They said to take all my cattle and to sell them and to only tie one up at my house.  What can I do with only one? I am a Mursi. If hunger comes I shoot a cow’s neck and drink blood. If we sell them all for money how will we eat?”

The evidence gathered by Human Rights Watch since its visit demonstrates that in the past year regional officials and security forces have forcibly seized land from indigenous communities living and farming within the areas slated for sugar production. Reports of forced displacement and the clearing of agricultural land have gathered pace.

Access to the Omo River is critical for the food security and way of life of the pastoralists who live in the valley. Several community representatives said that state officials had told them, without any other discussion, that the communities would need to reduce the number of their cattle and resettle in one place, and that they would lose access to the Omo River.

As of June 2012, irrigation canals have been dug, land has been cleared, and sugar production has begun along the east bank of the river. Government maps photographed by Human Rights Watch indicate that the area where sugar cultivation is under way is a fraction of what is labeled as “Sugar Block One.” Two additional “blocks” of land that will be taken for sugar cultivation are to follow. Ethiopia’s existing assessments of the impact of the Gibe dam do not include the impact of sugar cultivation and irrigation on the flow of the Omo River, or the downstream impact on Lake Turkana. The massive network of irrigation canals indicated on the maps suggests that the previous assessments are insufficient.

The full implementation of the plan could affect at least 200,000 people in the Omo valley and another 300,000 Kenyans living across the border around Lake Turkana, which derives up to 90 percent of its water from the Omo River. Human Rights Watch said Kenya should press for new environmental and social impact assessments that examine the cumulative impact of the Gibe III dam and the irrigated commercial agriculture scheme.

These developments – which threaten the economic, social, and cultural rights of the Omo valley’s indigenous inhabitants – are being carried out in contravention of domestic and international human rights standards, which call for the recognition of property rights, with meaningful consultation, consent, and compensation for loss of land, livelihoods, and food security, and which state that displacement, especially of indigenous peoples from their historic homelands, must be treated as an absolute last resort.

The rights of indigenous peoples are addressed by Ethiopia’s own laws and constitution, as well as the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and regional human rights treaties and mechanisms such as the African human rights charter as interpreted by the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights. Under these laws and agreements, indigenous peoples have property rights over the land they have historically occupied that must be recognized by the state, and they can only be displaced with their free, prior, and informed consent. Even when such consent is given, they must also be fully compensated for any loss of land, property, or livelihood.

In fact, Ethiopia has not recognized any rights over the land of the indigenous communities of the area, including tenure security, Human Rights Watch found. Neither has it taken steps to adequately consult with, let alone seek the consent of, the indigenous peoples of the Omo valley, in particular taking into account the scant formal education of most of the population.

The Ethiopian government has responded to concerns raised by Human Rights Watch by noting that the plantations will bring benefits to the indigenous populations in the form of employment. Employment may be a welcome benefit for affected communities. But the prospect of some jobs does not remove the urgent need for the government to suspend plantation development until rigorous assessments have been carried out, the rights of the indigenous communities over their land has been recognized and consent sought, and any displacement or acquisition of land is shown to be strictly necessary, proportionate, and compensation provided, Human Rights Watch said.

Many international nongovernmental organizations have raised concerns about potential social and environmental impacts of the Gibe III hydropower project and have criticized the Ethiopian government for a lack of transparency and independent assessment. The Ethiopian government withdrew its request of the World Bank and African Development Bank for financing of the Gibe dam project but has not publicized its reasons for doing so. UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee has recommended suspending the project pending further independent evaluation of the effect on Lake Turkana.

The Ethiopian government relies on international aid for a significant percentage of its budget. Security forces and officials from the regional and district administrations are implementing the plans for the sugar plantations and telling local residents they must move, without any consultation or recognition of their rights. A multi-donor funded program called Protection of Basic Services (PBS) provides hundreds of millions of dollars to support health, education, and other sectors and funds the salaries of district government officials across Ethiopia, including SNNPR region. The main donors to PBS are the World Bank, the United Kingdom, the European Union, the Netherlands, and Germany.

Human Rights Watch called on the Ethiopian government to suspend the construction of Gibe III and the associated sugar plantations until these developments can be carried out in a manner consistent with national laws and international human rights standards. The Ethiopian government should recognize the rights of the Omo valley’s indigenous communities over their historic homelands and engage in meaningful discussion with them over the future use of their land and compensation on that basis, prior to further industrial development in South Omo. Donors should ensure their funding is not supporting forced displacement or unlawful expropriation of indigenous lands, Human Rights Watch said.

“Ethiopia’s desire to accelerate economic development is laudable, but recent events in the Omo valley are taking an unacceptable toll on the rights and livelihoods of indigenous communities,” Rawlence said. “The government should suspend the process until it meets basic standards, and donors should make sure their aid is not facilitating abuses.”

Selected Accounts from “What Will Happen if Hunger Comes”
“People disagree with the government on the sugar, but are afraid of the possible use of force to resettle people and so do not say much. [We have a] big fear of government here. If you express concern, you go to jail.”
– Bodi man, June 2011.

“There will be a problem during the dry season. Now there is water, but when there isn’t if we do not go back to Omo we will need government to bring water. If they do not, [we] and our cattle will die. We will go to Omo anyway, if not, we will die, they can kill us there if they want.”
– Mursi villager, June 2011.

“What am I going to eat? They said to take all my cattle and to sell them and to only tie one up at my house. What can I do with only one? I am a Mursi. If hunger comes I shoot a cow’s neck and drink blood. If we sell them all for money how will we eat? When we get married we marry with cattle. What will we marry with? What will we eat? When hunger comes what will we feed our children with? If we just keep chickens will we eat soup or milk them…? ‘This land is my land,’ say the highland Ethiopians. ‘Run to the forest like a baboon.’”
– Mursi man describing the importance of cattle, December 2011.

“They [the government officials] cleared out their [Kwegu and Bodi] gardens. They cleared far and dug up their sorghum. The sorghum was near ripening; a truck plowed it and cast it away. The Kwegu gardens were plowed and some Kwegu are now without anything. If their sorghum is plowed what are they going to eat? What will they give to their kids?”
– Man describing what happened to Bodi and Kwegu farmland that was cleared in December 2011.

 “There will be big problems in the areas if all the cattle are given to the government. What will these people eat, now the drought is really badly affecting the Horn of Africa? Now the dam has been built, no water in the river, land has been taken away, the cattle given to the government, what will happen to the poor people in time of the famine? Those people who want to wipe out the pastoralists eat three times a day. What will happen if hunger comes?”
– Mursi man, May 2011. 

Sunday, June 17, 2012

አቶ በረከት ስምኦን ማንኛውንም ጣቢያ ልንታገስ እንችላለን በኢሳት ጉዳይ ግን አንደራደርም አሉ

ኢሳት ዜና:- ሰኔ ፱ (ዘጠኝ) ቀን ፳፻፬ ዓ/ም
ከጥቂት ሳምንታት በፊት በአቶ በረከት ስምኦን የሚመራው የኢትዮጵያ የልኡካን ቡድን ከኤርትራ ወደ ኢትዮጵያ የሚተላለፈውን የኤርትራ የቴሌቪዥን ጣቢያ ከእንግዲህ እንደማያፍን በጽሁፍ ለአረብሳት ባለስልጣናት ማረጋገጫ መስጠቱን መዘገባችን ይታወሳል። 

 የኢትዮጵያ መንግስት ለአረብሳት ባለስልጣናት እንደገለጠው የኤርትራ መንግስት ወደ ኢትዮጵያ የሚያሰራጨውን የተቃዋሚዎች ልሳንና እንዲሁም ከኢሳት እየወሰደ የሚያስተላለፈውን ማንኛውንም ዝግጅት  የሚያቋርጥ ከሆነ፣ የኢትዮጵያ መንግስትም በአገሩ ያሉ የኤርትራ ተቃዋሚዎች የሚያስተላልፉት ጸረ መንግስት ዝግጅቶች ለማቋረጥ ዝግጁ መሆኑን ይሁን እንጅ የኤርትራ መንግስት “ብትፈለጉ የ 1 ሰአቱን ዝግጅት ወደ 24 ሰአት ከፍ አድርጉት፣ በእኛ ቴሌቬዥን ጣቢያ ላይ የሚተላለፉትን ዝግጅቶች የኢትዮጵያ መንግስት አይወስንልንም” በማለት መልስ ሰጥቶ ነበር።
 
የአረብሳት ባለስልጣናትን ሲለምን የቆየው የኢትዮጵያ መንግስት በመጨረሻም ከአሁን በሁዋላ የኤርትራን ቴሌቪዥን እንደማያፍን ግዴታ በመግባቱ ተቋርጦ የነበረው በአረብሳት የሚተላለፈው የኢትዮጵያ ቴሌቪዥን እንደገና ስራ እንዲጀምር ተፈቅዶለታል።  በአቶ በረከት የተመራው የልኡካን ቡድንን እንቅስቃሴ በቅርበት የተከታተሉ አንድ ስማቸው እንዳይገለጥ የፈለጉ ከፍተኛ ባለስልጣናን በቅርቡ በኢሳት የቀረበውን ዘገባ ከተከታተሉ በሁዋላ በድርድሩ ወቅት  የተነሱትን ነጥቦች አካፍለውናል።
 
አቶ በረከት በድርድሩ ወቅት ደጋግመው ያነሱ የነበረው ስለ ኢሳት ነው። ኢሳት በአረብሳት ተመልሶ የሚመጣ ከሆነ የኢትዮጵያ መንግስት ህልውናውንና ብሄራዊ ደህንነቱን ለማስከበር ሲል ማንኛውንም እርምጃ ለመውሰድ ይገደዳል በማለት  ተናግረዋል። 

የኤርትራን ቴሌቪዥንን ልንታገስ እንችላለን ኢሳት ግን ሙሉ በሙሉ በፓርላማ አሻባሪ ከተባሉት ድርጅቶች መካከል አንዱ የሆነው የግንቦት 7 ልሳን በመሆኑና፣ በህዝብ መካከል እልቅቲት ለመፍጠር 24 ሰአት የሚሰራ፣ ለኢትዮጵያ መንግስትና ለህዝቦቿ አስጊ የሆነ የቴሌቪዥን ጣቢያ በመሆኑ መንግስት ራሱን ለመከላከል አስፈላጊውን እርምጃ ቢወስድ ተጠያቄ አይሆንም ሲሉ አቶ በረከት ለአረብሳት ባለስልጣናት ገልጠዋል።

የአረብሳት ባለስልጣናትም እኛ የትኛውን ጣቢያ ማስተላለፍ እንዳለብንና እንደሌለብን የመወሰን መብት አለን፣ የኢትዮጵያ መንግስት ሊወስንልን አይገባም በማለት መልስ ሲሰጡ አቶ በረከት ሳምሶናይታቸውን ከፍተው የኢሳትን ዝግጅቶች አስተርጉመን ይዘን የመጣን በመሆኑ እራሳችሁ ተመልክታችሁ መፍረድ ትችላላችሁ በማለት ፊልሞችን አቅርበዋል። 

የአረብሳት ባለስልጣናት በበኩላቸው እኛ ይህን ሁሉ ፊልም ለማየት ጊዜው የለንም በማለት መልስ ሰጥተዋል። አቶ በረከት ለአረብሳት ባለስልጣናት በእንግሊዝኛ አስተርጉመው ካቀረቡዋቸው ፊልሞች መካከል ከአባ ኒቆዲሞስ አስፋው ጋር የተደረገው ቃለምልልስ ጨምሮ ሌሎች በርካታ ቃለምልልሶች ይገኙበታል።

የኢትዮጵያ መንግስት ባለስልጣናት ንግግር ያስገረማቸው አንድ የአረብሳት ባለስልጣን ” አትዮጵያ በእነዚህ ሰዎች ነው የምትመራው? እጅግ ያሳፍራል” በማለት መናገራቸውን ምንጫችን ገልጠዋል። ጉዳዩን በተመለከተ ኢሳት አንድ ከፍተኛ የአረብሳት ባለስልጣናትን አነጋግሮ ነበር። ባለስልጣኑ ስማቸው እንዳይነገር አሳስበው ” ኢሳት የአረብሳትና የኢትዮጵያ መንግስት የጦር አውድማ መሆኑን ባለስልጣኑ ገልጠዋል። ባለስልጣኑ ” ለመሆኑ ምን አይነት ዝግጅቶችን ብታቀርቡ ነው የኢትዮጵያ መንግስት አሸባሪ በማለት የሚፈርጃችሁ ? የሚል ጥያቄ ለጋዜጠኛው  አቅርበውለታል።

 ኢትዮጵያ በምን አይነት ሰዎች እንድመትምራ ግንዛቤ ይዘናል የኢትዮጵያ መንግስት አምባገነን በመሆኑ ነጻ አመለካከትን እንደ ጦር እንደሚፈራ በመካከለኛው ምስራቅ እየሆነ ካለው ሁኔታ የምንመለከተው፣ እናንተ እነሱ እንደሚሉት ወንጀለኞች እንዳልሆናችሁ እናውቃለን፣ ያም ሆነ ይህ ኢሳትን ወደ አየር ለመመለስ ብዙ የቴክኖሎጂ ውጤቶችንና የቴክኒክ አቋማችን መፈተሽ ስለሚኖርብን ጊዜ ልትሰጡን ይገባል ” በማለት የአረብሳቱ ባለስልጣን ተናግረዋል።

አልጀዚራ ወደ ኢትዮጵያ የሚያሰራጨው ዝግጅቱ በተደጋጋሚ እየታወከበት እንደሆነ በዚህም የተነሳ በተደጋጋሚ የስርጭት መስመሩን ለመቀየር መገደዱ ይታወሳል። አለማቀፉ የጋዜጠኞች መብት ተንከባካቢ ድርጅት፣ የአሜሪካ ስቴት ዲፓርትመንት እና ሌሎችም አለማቀፍ ተቋማት የኢትዮጵያ መንግስት የመገናኛ ብዙህንን ለማፈን የሚያደርገውን ጥረት ሲያወግዙ ቆይተዋል።