By Alemayehu G. Mariam:
Amharic translations of recent commentaries by the author may be found at:
http://www.ecadforum.com/Amharic/archives/category/al-mariam-amharic
http://ethioforum.org/?cat=24
Previous commentaries by the author are available at:
http://open.salon.com/blog/almariam/
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alemayehu-g-mariam/
One People, One Country!
For the past two decades, Ethiopia has been the scene of crimes
against humanity and crimes against nature. Now Ethiopian religious
leaders say Ethiopia is the scene of crimes against divinity. Christian
and Muslim leaders and followers today are standing together and locking
arms to defend religious freedom and each other’s rights to freely
exercise their consciences. But they face a formidable and treacherous
foe who thrives on division and discord. Not long ago, a wicked but
lame attempt was made in broad daylight to spark strife and friction
between Christians and Muslims.
At the recent Timket (baptism of Jesus, epiphany) celebrations, there
was a slogan which declared, “One country, one religion.” Those who
carried this slogan were few. We don’t have a constitution that says one
country, one religion. The constituion says one country, diverse
religions. It is evident that there are some, few as they may be, who
want to have a Christian government [in Ethiopia]. These are mostly
people who lack critical thinking but we believe they can be
straightened out through re-education.
One cannot say all Salafis are Al Qaeda. That’s a mistake, a crime.
But all Al Qaeda are Salafis. For the first time, an Al Qaeda cell has
been found in Ethiopia. Most of them in Bale and Arsi. All of the
members of this cell are Salafis. This is not to say all Salafis in
Ethiopia are Al Qaeda members. Most of them are not. But these Salafis
have been observed distorting the real teachings [of Islam]. They
[Salafis] say most people in Ethiopia are Muslims. They say the official
statistical reports are false. They say since most Ethiopians are
Muslims, there must be an Islamic government. Such agitation is
currently underway on a mass scale by these fundamentalist agitators…
Hmmm!!?? Now, who could possibly benefit from stoking the fires of
fundamentalism and sectarianism and fanning the flames of religious
conflict and rivalry in Ethiopia? Who could possibly be behind the
alleged group barking for “one country, one religion”? Who could have
possibly set up “Al Qaeda cells” in Ethiopia “for the first time” eleven
years after 9/11? Is the core problem of Ethiopia today a dispute
between those who clamor for an “Islamic government” and those jabbering
for a “Christian government”? Is the real question facing Ethiopia
democracy vs. dictatorship or “Islamic fundamentalism” vs. “Christian
fundamentalism?” Are “Al Qaeda cells” the malignant virus threatening
Ethiopia’s existence? Or is the metastasizing cancer in the Ethiopian
body politic one-man, one-party dictatorship?
The whole attempt to spark religious antagonism and conflict between
Muslims and Christians could be overlooked as the bizarre machinations
of a warped and depraved mind but for the fact that it is the manifest
strategy of the leaders of the ruling party in Ethiopia to prolong their
grapple hold on power. Inflammatory and incendiary claims are made
against alleged religious extremists and presented in such a way as to
panic ordinary Muslims and Christians into fearing and loathing each
other. “We don’t have a constitution that says one country, one
religion.” The constitution says one country, diverse religions (sic!).”
Why talk about what the Constitution does not say? Why not talk about
what the Constitution exactly says? Article 11 of the Ethiopian Constitution makes it crystal clear: “There shall be no state religion. The state shall not interfere in religious matters and religion shall not interfere in state affairs.”
Article 27 emphatically declares: “Everyone shall have the right to
freedom of thought, conscience and religion. This right shall include
freedom to have or adopt a religion or belief of his choice, and
freedom, either individually or in community with others and in public
or in private, to manifest his religion or belief in worship,
observance, practice and teaching. No one shall be subject to coercion
by force or any other means, which would impair his freedom to have or
to adopt a religion or belief of his choice.” Does it make sense to talk about what the Constitution does not say? Only if there is an ulterior motive!
“Religion is a Personal Choice; Country is a Collective Responsibility”
There are no credible Ethiopian Christian or Muslim leaders who
subscribe to, endorse or in any way promote religious or political
extremism of any sort. There is no evidence that any credible religious
leader of any faith in Ethiopia has ever proposed a theocratic state of
one religion or another. Yet, the lunatic fringe is paraded out in
public as representatives of mainstream members of the Islamic and
Christian faiths. But no reasonable Ethiopian would buy the “bedtime
story” about some unidentified Christian or Islamic groups establishing a
theocratic state of one kind or another or Al Qaeda cells poised to
take over Ethiopia. The problem in Ethiopia is dictatorship, not dogma.
At a recent joint press conference in Toronto, Canada, leaders of
the Islamic and Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo faiths joined hands to show
their unity in defending the ancient monastery of Waldeba in northern
Ethiopia from destruction by foreign investor commercial agricultural
enterprises. The ruling regime is currently engaged in a project to
convert the holy land surrounding the Waldeba monastery into a vast
sugar cane planation.
At the press conference, Le’ke Kahenat Mesale Engeda, a prominent
exiled prelate of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church in Toronto,
reaffirmed Christian Muslim unity and described Ethiopia’s current
condition:
… Our brothers and sisters who are followers of Islam have always
served to protect our country. Recorded history shows many Muslim
fathers fought for and suffered in defense of our country. Muslims and
Christians have lived in Ethiopia peacefully [throughout history]. When
trouble rises to face the [Orthodox] Church, Muslims have risen up with
us to face them. Today a Muslim leader from Toronto is standing with us.
As you know, at this time in Ethiopia our Muslim brothers and sisters
are facing extreme hardship… But we are all standing together…
… Our brothers and sisters who are followers of Islam have always
served to protect our country. Recorded history shows many Muslim
fathers fought for and suffered in defense of our country. Muslims and
Christians have lived in Ethiopia peacefully [throughout history]. When
trouble rises to face the [Orthodox] Church, Muslims have risen up with
us to face them. Today a Muslim leader from Toronto is standing with us.
As you know, at this time in Ethiopia our Muslim brothers and sisters
are facing extreme hardship… But we are all standing together…
… To all members of Ethiopian Tewahedo Orthodox Church members: Do
not join with the forces of darkness and whose work will not bear fruit.
The great and ancient country of Ethiopia, the beacon of freedom for
all Black people in the 21st Century is [facing great danger]. It is now
clear to all that the woyanes [the ruling regime] environmental
program [land giveaway to foreign investors] is destroying our Church
and faith and reaching its ultimate stage.
The woyanes’ terror and chaos
has brought great shame to Ethiopia. Previously, the Church
administration of Wedi Zenawi and Aba Gebremedhin [ruling party
appointed head of the Ethiopian church] allied with the ruling regime
has been the cause of church burnings, imprisonment, torture and killing
of religious leaders. They have also caused the burning of Ziqulla
monastery.
Now using the excuse of building a sugar factory, they are planning
to destroy Waldeba monastery, which has been one of the major holy sites
of faith and religion for our Church for over a thousand years. Waldeba
is a historic and holy place. It is a place where learned church
leaders have come. It is a place for which our forefathers have given
up their lives in its defense. So to uproot the people in Waldeba, to
create commercial farms on this holy ground and to dig up the remains of
the holy fathers is a great shame… People of Ethiopia! What do you
think? What do you see? What is the role of Ethiopia’s religious leaders
as we stand and watch Ethiopia’s churches burning and our Faith
destroyed?
Hajj Mohamed Seid, a prominent Ethiopian Muslim leader in exile in Toronto, urged strong commitment to Ethiopian unity:
… As you know Ethiopia is a country that has different religions.
Ethiopia is a country where Muslims and followers of the Orthodox faith
have lived and loved each other throughout recorded history. Even in
our lifetimes — 50 to 60 years — we have not seen Ethiopia in so much
suffering and tribulation. Religion is a private choice, but country is a collective responsibility.
If there is no country, there is no religion. It is only when we have a
country that we find everything. Today, Ethiopia, which has been strong
in its religious faiths, has been broken up into pieces. They are
trying to get Muslims and Christians to fight. They campaigned for that
for a long time. But it did not work. They tried to get the Oromo to
fight with the Amhara. But that did not work…. We know of only one type
of Muslim in hsitory — one who honors his word. [The saying is that]
when a Muslim does not stand by his word and the rain does not fall,
that spells doom for the country. They have brought a new religion and
are creating chaos in Ethiopia…
…As you know today is Friday. On Firday, I should be at the Mosque
for prayers and not attend to secular matters. But I am here because of
the situation in our country. If there is no country, it makes for a
difficult time to pray and uphold religion. Churches and monasteries are
respected by Muslims and Christians but Ethiopia’s foundation is
religion. The [Waldeba] monastery is in a land where the pious have
lived a monastic life eating the berries and leaves in the wilderness.
It is not a land to be sold to China and India. Today starving people
are forced to dig and shovel day and night [so that Chinese and Indian
investors can profit]. This is a great shame for Ethiopians.
They [the
rulers in Ethiopia] have sold the land [to foreigners] and have kept the
most arable land to themselves. The money from the sale is not in our
country. It is in their pockets.
…. Is there an Ethiopian generation left now? The students who
enrolled in the universities are demoralized; their minds are afflicted
chewing khat (a mild drug) and smoking cigarettes. They [the ruling
regime] have destroyed a generation. Truly, I have never read of the
history of a government or administration that commits such atrocities
on its people [as the one currently in Ethiopia]. If each one of us is
given a full day to tell about the suffering and tribulation of the
people, it would not be enough.
What greater tyranny is there than destroying religion? Is there a
greater tyranny? If religion is destroyed in Ethiopia, that means
Ethiopia does not exist. The only thing that is left is the name on a
map. They have divided us into 9 pieces, but our land has already been
sold to foreigners. They have moved their money out of the country. They
are enjoying it. Their plan for us is to fly 9 flags, remain divided
into 9 pieces and shoot and kill each other. That is what they have
prepared for us in their program. We must not be divided by religion or
ethnicity. We have the responsibility of history to keep Ethiopia
united. Our children and children’s children must not remain exiled
yearning for their country.
Let’s stop and think for a moment. Have you ever read in history or
seen with your own eyes a regime such as the one in Ethiopia today?
Therefore, Muslims and followers of other religions must submit our
supplication to the Almighty our Creator. In my days in Ethiopia, there
were locusts and other parasites that invaded the land. At that time,
religious leaders prayed; the Muslims to Allah; the Christians prayed in
the churches and monasteries. That was a time of judgment. Therefore,
we have to be strong in our faiths. We have to work with greater
strength to protect and defend our country. This is our obligation.
Those of us living outside Ethiopia, knowing that effort is being made
to destroy the younger generation, must rise up and help to the best of
our abilities. It is not only financial help. You must also give moral
support. We have to confer and consult with each other. We must have our
cries heard. I ask all of us to pray so that Ethiopia can survive in
peace and this government will be changed.
Plural Religions, One Country!
Hajj Mohammed Seid resonated a long held sentiment among Ethiopians
that “religion is a private choice, but country is a collective
responsibility.” Le’ke Kahenat Mesale Engeda makes an incontrovertible
statement when he said, “Muslims and Christians have lived in Ethiopia
peacefully [throughout history]. When trouble rises to face the
[Orthodox] Church, Muslims have risen up with us to face them.” Now
trouble has risen to face both Christians and Muslims. It is trouble
borne of dictatorship, despotism and tyranny. It is a mortal threat to
religion and country. It can only be overcome only through unity of
Ethiopians across religious, ethnic, regional and linguistic lines. The
example of these two religious leaders goes a long way to show us the
need and importance of continuing the religious harmony between
Christians and Muslims that has persisted over centuries. It also
underscores the need for greater mutual understanding, reaffirmation of
peaceful coexistence and the vital importance of resolute cooperation
across religious lines to create a new Ethiopia where religious freedom
is secure and every individual is free to exercise his/her conscience
according to one’s faith.
The Price of Sectarian Strife
Recent events in Nigeria are instructive of the harmful consequences
of religious strife. For decades, in many parts of Nigeria Christians
and Muslims have lived together peacefully sharing customs and working
cooperatively in different facets of social life. Though tensions and
episodic conflicts have occurred from time to time, generally there has
been peaceful coexistence between adherents of the two religions in
Nigeria. Over the past decade, this peaceful coexistence has been tested
severely by religious fringe groups who have launched violent attacks
on houses of worship, public places and government offices. There has
been much loss of innocent lives and wanton destruction of property. But
Muslims and Christians often point out the fact that what appears to
be sectarian strife is actually rooted in disputes over land and rights.
Unscrupulous politicians have fanned the flames of sectarian hatred and
exacerbated differences for their own narrow ends.
The press has been
blamed for sensationalizing incidents by publishing stories that breed
fear and distrust in the society. But Christian and Muslim leaders have
risen up to condemn the spiraling violence perpetrated by fringe groups.
Last week, in an open letter to the federal government, Jama’atu
Nasril Islam, an umbrella group for Muslim organizations in Nigeria,
condemned the recent church bombings in Jos and Biu that killed three
people and wounded 41. President Goodluck Jonathan, who happens to be a
Christian, says sectarianism is destructive of the Nigerian nation. His
Administration’s position is that there is no “major conflict between
the Christian community and Muslim community. Retaliation is not the
answer, because if you retaliate, at what point will it end? Nigeria
must survive as a nation.” Ethiopia must survive as a nation!
The Unity Challenge
Christians and Muslims in Ethiopia have coexisted peacefully for
centuries. No doubt, that will continue. But together they face
numerous challenges imposed upon them by dictatorship. Where political
leaders have failed, religious leaders could succeed. Christian and
Muslim religious leaders can play a critical role in preventing conflict
and in building bridges of understanding, mutual respect and
collaborative working relations. They can plant the seeds of harmony,
understanding, respect and love as others toil day and night to spread
the seeds of hatred, discord, division, conflict and antagonism. The
people need spiritual guidance to do good and act with moral probity as
much as they need laws to ensure their political freedoms. When
religious leaders show the way, the people will joyfully work together
to build bridges of understanding and mutual respect.
In the U.S., and quite possibly in other countries, communities of
faith organize “interfaith councils”. These councils bring diverse faith
communities to work together to foster greater understanding and
respect among people of different faiths and to address basic needs in
the community. Many such councils go beyond dialogue and reflection to
cooperative work in social services and implementing projects to meet
community needs. They stand together to protect religious freedom by
opposing discrimination and condemning debasement of religious
institutions and faiths. There is no reason why Ethiopians could not
establish interfaith councils of their own.
Ethiopia’s unity challenge can be effectively addressed if we
practice the basic principle: “Religion is a private choice, country is a
collective responsibility.” In fact, the centuries long peaceful
coexistence between Muslims and Christians is based on this very
principle. In practicing this principle today, it is our moral
obligation to condemn and oppose religious and other forms of extremism
by any group; but it is also the obligation of faith leaders, civic
society organizations and human rights advocates to undertake public
education and awareness programs on the mortal dangers of such
extremism. Religious leaders in Ethiopia enjoy great trust and command
the respect of the people. Where entrenched political interests promote
religious antagonism, it is up to the religious leaders to preach and
teach tolerance. Ethiopia’s problems do not originate from differences
in theology. Ethiopia’s problems originate from those who want to use
theology as Ethiopia’s eschatology (a theology of doom)!
“Religion is a private choice, but country is a collective responsibility.”
“People of Ethiopia! What do you think? What do you see? What is the
role of Ethiopia’s religious leaders as we stand and watch Ethiopia’s
churches burning and our Faith destroyed?”
Unity in humanity is unity in divinity!
Amharic translations of recent commentaries by the author may be found at:
http://www.ecadforum.com/Amharic/archives/category/al-mariam-amharic
http://ethioforum.org/?cat=24
Previous commentaries by the author are available at:
http://open.salon.com/blog/almariam/
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alemayehu-g-mariam/
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